| 蔡 | surname Cai |
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| 蔡东藩 | Cai Dongfan (1877-1945), historian, author of popular general history texts up until his own time |
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| 蔡伦 | Cai Lun (-121), the inventor of paper making |
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| 蔡依林 | Jolin Tsai (1980-), Taiwanese singer |
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| 蔡元培 | Cai Yuanpei (1868-1940), liberal educationalist, studied in Germany, President of Beijing University 1917-19, minister of education for Guomindang |
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| 蔡司公司 | Zeiss Company (Carl Zeiss AG, optical and opto-electronic industries. hq in Oberkochen, Germany) |
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| 蔡国强 | Cai Guoqiang (1957-), contemporary Chinese artist working with firework displays and light shows |
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| 蔡志忠 | Tsai Chih Chung (1948-), famous Taiwanese cartoonist specializing in retelling the Chinese classics |
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| 蔡李佛 | Cai Li Fo, Choy Li Fut, Choy Lay Fut, Choi Lei Fut, Choy Lai Fut, Choy Ley Fut, Choi Lei Faht, Tsai Li Fo, Choi Leih Faht - Martial Art |
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| 蔡甸 | Caidian district of Wuhan city 武漢市|武汉市 |
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| 蔡甸区 | Caidian district of Wuhan city 武漢市|武汉市 |
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| 蔡英文 | Tsai Ing-wen (1956-), Taiwanese DPP politician |
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| 蔡襄 | Cai Xiang (1012-1067), Song calligrapher |
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| 蔡锷 | Cai E (1882-1916), originator of the National protection army of 1915 |
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