| liàn | refine/smelt |
| 炼 | to refine to smelt |
| 炼丹 | to concoct pills of immortality |
| 炼丹八卦炉 | eight trigrams furnace to cook pills of immortality symbol of the alchemist's art Double, double toil and trouble, Fire burn, and cauldron bubble |
| 炼丹术 | maker of immortality pill concocting magic pills |
| 炼之未定 | to spend a long time thinking about sth while unable to reach a decision |
| 炼乳 | to condense milk (by evaporation) condensed milk |
| 炼制 | refining; refine |
| 炼化 | to refine refining (e.g. oil, chemicals etc) |
| 炼句 | to polish a phrase |
| 炼奶 | condensed milk |
| 炼字 | calligraphy practice to search for the right word |
| 炼山 | To burn down weeds, shrubs, cutover land, etc.. |
| 炼油 | oil refinery |
| 炼油厂 | oil refinery |
| 炼油工业 | oil-refining industry |
| 炼油能力 | refining capacity |
| 炼油设备 | a refining equipment |
| 炼焦 | coking the process of producing coke from coal |
| 炼焦厂 | coking plant |
| 炼焦炉 | coking furnace |